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What Is Keratoconus?
Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that affects the shape and structure of the cornea—the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye responsible for focusing light. In healthy eyes, the cornea maintains a smooth, round shape. However, in patients with keratoconus, the cornea gradually thins and begins to bulge outward into a cone-like shape. This irregular shape prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, leading to blurred or distorted vision.
According to Dr. Carla Berkowitz, ophthalmologist at Eye Care of San Diego,
“Keratoconus is a condition where the cornea, which is the front part of the eye, thins and protrudes. And so, this is a condition that’s often diagnosed in adolescents or early adulthood. It can progress; it can get worse over time. One of the big risk factors is eye rubbing. So I counsel my patients never to rub the eye so we can manage things like ocular allergies to prevent eye rubbing.”
The condition typically begins to appear in teenage years or young adulthood and may continue to progress over time. Common symptoms include frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions, increased sensitivity to light, and difficulty seeing clearly even with corrective lenses. In advanced stages, patients may require specialized contact lenses or surgical intervention.
Understanding the Cause and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of keratoconus remains unclear, several factors can increase the likelihood of developing it. Genetics can play a role, as the condition sometimes runs in families. Chronic eye rubbing, as Dr. Berkowitz highlights, is also a major contributing factor—especially among individuals with allergies or eye irritation. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as Down syndrome or connective tissue disorders may increase risk.
Preventing eye rubbing and managing underlying causes of irritation, such as dry eye or allergies, are essential steps in protecting the cornea’s health and preventing progression.
How Crosslinking Helps
Corneal Crosslinking (CXL) is an advanced, minimally invasive treatment designed to halt the progression of keratoconus. The goal of this procedure is to strengthen the corneal tissue and prevent further bulging or thinning, stabilizing the patient’s vision and reducing the need for future surgical interventions.
During the crosslinking procedure, riboflavin (vitamin B2) eye drops are applied to the cornea, which is then activated by a controlled ultraviolet (UV) light. This combination increases the number of collagen bonds—or “crosslinks”—within the cornea, enhancing its strength and rigidity. By reinforcing the cornea’s structure, the treatment effectively stops the disease from worsening.
Dr. Berkowitz explains,
“The latest procedure that we have to prevent any progression is called cross-linking, which I do recommend for patients if there’s any signs of progression.”
This treatment is particularly beneficial when performed early in the disease process, as it can preserve a patient’s existing vision and delay or eliminate the need for corneal transplantation in the future.
The Importance of Early Detection
Because keratoconus can progress quietly and gradually, early diagnosis through comprehensive eye exams is critical. Advanced imaging technology allows eye care specialists to detect subtle corneal changes before patients experience noticeable vision loss. Regular monitoring helps determine whether treatments like crosslinking are necessary.
At Eye Care of San Diego, our team is equipped with the latest diagnostic tools and treatment technologies to provide personalized care for patients with keratoconus. Early intervention can make all the difference in preserving your vision and quality of life.
Schedule Your Eye Exam Today
If you’re experiencing frequent vision changes, increased light sensitivity, or distorted vision, it’s important to get a professional evaluation. Early detection of keratoconus can prevent long-term vision complications and help protect your sight.
Call Eye Care of San Diego today at (866) 347-8879 or visit our website schedule your comprehensive eye exam today at Eye Care of San Diego and find out if corneal crosslinking is the right treatment for you.
What our Patients says about us:
“Dr Berkowitz is incredible. She is an excellent surgeon, informative and patient. Her staff are the same as well. I highly recommend Dr Berkowitz. The Sorrento Valley office was very nice. The staff are professional and well informed about the procedures offered. I highly recommend Dr Berkowitz and her staff.”